| ============ | 
 | Ceres Solver | 
 | ============ | 
 |  | 
 | Ceres Solver [#f1]_ is an open source C++ library for modeling and | 
 | solving large, complicated optimization problems. It can be used to | 
 | solve `Non-linear Least Squares`_ problems with bounds constraints and | 
 | general unconstrained optimization problems. It is a mature, feature | 
 | rich, and performant library that has been used in production at | 
 | Google since 2010. For more, see :doc:`features`. | 
 |  | 
 | `ceres-solver@googlegroups.com | 
 | <https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups#!forum/ceres-solver>`_ is | 
 | the place for discussions and questions about Ceres Solver. We use the | 
 | `GitHub Issue Tracker | 
 | <https://github.com/ceres-solver/ceres-solver/issues>`_ to manage bug | 
 | reports and feature requests. | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | .. toctree:: | 
 |    :maxdepth: 1 | 
 |    :hidden: | 
 |  | 
 |    features | 
 |    installation | 
 |    tutorial | 
 |    derivatives | 
 |    nnls_modeling | 
 |    nnls_solving | 
 |    nnls_covariance | 
 |    gradient_solver | 
 |    faqs | 
 |    users | 
 |    contributing | 
 |    version_history | 
 |    bibliography | 
 |    license | 
 |  | 
 | .. _Non-linear Least Squares: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear_least_squares | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | Cite Us | 
 | ======= | 
 |  | 
 | If you use Ceres Solver for a publication, please cite it as:: | 
 |  | 
 |   @software{Agarwal_Ceres_Solver_2022, | 
 |     author = {Agarwal, Sameer and Mierle, Keir and The Ceres Solver Team}, | 
 |     title = {{Ceres Solver}}, | 
 |     license = {Apache-2.0}, | 
 |     url = {https://github.com/ceres-solver/ceres-solver}, | 
 |     version = {2.2}, | 
 |     year = {2023}, | 
 |     month = {10} | 
 |   } | 
 |  | 
 | .. rubric:: Footnotes | 
 |  | 
 | .. [#f1] While there is some debate as to who invented the method of | 
 |          Least Squares [Stigler]_, there is no questioning the fact | 
 |          that it was `Carl Friedrich Gauss | 
 |          <http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Gauss.html>`_ | 
 |          who brought it to the attention of the world. Using just 22 | 
 |          observations of the newly discovered asteroid `Ceres | 
 |          <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)>`_, Gauss | 
 |          used the method of least squares to correctly predict when | 
 |          and where the asteroid will emerge from behind the Sun | 
 |          [TenenbaumDirector]_. We named our solver after Ceres to | 
 |          celebrate this seminal event in the history of astronomy, | 
 |          statistics and optimization. |