include/ceres/numeric_diff_first_order_function.h - ceres-solver - Git at Google

 // Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer
 // Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
 // http://ceres-solver.org/
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 //
 // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 //   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 //   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 //   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be
 //   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 //   specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 // AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 // IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 // ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 // LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 // CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 // SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 // INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 // CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 // ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 // POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: sameeragarwal@google.com (Sameer Agarwal)

 #ifndef CERES_PUBLIC_NUMERIC_DIFF_FIRST_ORDER_FUNCTION_H_
 #define CERES_PUBLIC_NUMERIC_DIFF_FIRST_ORDER_FUNCTION_H_

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>

 #include "absl/container/fixed_array.h"
 #include "absl/log/check.h"
 #include "ceres/first_order_function.h"
 #include "ceres/internal/eigen.h"
 #include "ceres/internal/numeric_diff.h"
 #include "ceres/internal/parameter_dims.h"
 #include "ceres/internal/variadic_evaluate.h"
 #include "ceres/numeric_diff_options.h"
 #include "ceres/types.h"

 namespace ceres {

 // Creates FirstOrderFunctions as needed by the GradientProblem
 // framework, with gradients computed via numeric differentiation. For
 // more information on numeric differentiation, see the wikipedia
 // article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_differentiation
 //
 // To get an numerically differentiated cost function, you must define
 // a class with an operator() (a functor) that computes the cost.
 //
 // The function must write the computed value in the last argument
 // (the only non-const one) and return true to indicate success.
 //
 // For example, consider a scalar error e = x'y - a, where both x and y are
 // two-dimensional column vector parameters, the prime sign indicates
 // transposition, and a is a constant.
 //
 // To write an numerically-differentiable cost function for the above model,
 // first define the object
 //
 //  class QuadraticCostFunctor {
 //   public:
 //    explicit QuadraticCostFunctor(double a) : a_(a) {}
 //    bool operator()(const double* const xy, double* cost) const {
 //      constexpr int kInputVectorLength = 2;
 //      const double* const x = xy;
 //      const double* const y = xy + kInputVectorLength;
 //      *cost = x[0] * y[0] + x[1] * y[1] - a_;
 //      return true;
 //    }
 //
 //   private:
 //    double a_;
 //  };
 //
 //
 // Note that in the declaration of operator() the input parameters xy
 // come first, and are passed as const pointers to array of
 // doubles. The output cost is the last parameter.
 //
 // Then given this class definition, the numerically differentiated
 // first order function with central differences used for computing the
 // derivative can be constructed as follows.
 //
 //   FirstOrderFunction* function
 //       = new NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction<MyScalarCostFunctor, CENTRAL, 4>(
 //           new QuadraticCostFunctor(1.0));                   ^     ^     ^
 //                                                             |     |     |
 //                                 Finite Differencing Scheme -+     |     |
 //                                 Dimension of xy ------------------------+
 //
 //
 // In the instantiation above, the template parameters following
 // "QuadraticCostFunctor", "CENTRAL, 4", describe the finite
 // differencing scheme as "central differencing" and the functor as
 // computing its cost from a 4 dimensional input.
 //
 // If the size of the parameter vector is not known at compile time, then an
 // alternate construction syntax can be used:
 //
 //   FirstOrderFunction* function
 //       = new NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction<MyScalarCostFunctor, CENTRAL>(
 //           new QuadraticCostFunctor(1.0), 4);
 //
 // Note that instead of passing 4 as a template argument, it is now passed as
 // the second argument to the constructor.
 template <typename FirstOrderFunctor,
           NumericDiffMethodType kMethod,
           int kNumParameters = DYNAMIC>
 class NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction final : public FirstOrderFunction {
  public:
   template <class... Args,
             bool kIsDynamic = kNumParameters == DYNAMIC,
             std::enable_if_t<!kIsDynamic &&
                              std::is_constructible_v<FirstOrderFunctor,
                                                      Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
   explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(Args&&... args)
       : NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{std::make_unique<FirstOrderFunction>(
             std::forward<Args>(args)...)} {}

   NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(const NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&) = delete;
   NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction& operator=(
       const NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&) = delete;
   NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
       NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&& other) noexcept = default;
   NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction& operator=(
       NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&& other) noexcept = default;

   // Constructor for the case where the parameter size is known at compile time.
   explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
       FirstOrderFunctor* functor,
       Ownership ownership = TAKE_OWNERSHIP,
       const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
       : NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{
             std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor>{functor},
             kNumParameters,
             ownership,
             options,
             FIXED_INIT} {}

   // Constructor for the case where the parameter size is known at compile time.
   explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
       std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor,
       const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
       : NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{
             std::move(functor), kNumParameters, TAKE_OWNERSHIP, FIXED_INIT} {}

   // Constructor for the case where the parameter size is specified at run time.
   explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
       FirstOrderFunctor* functor,
       int num_parameters,
       Ownership ownership = TAKE_OWNERSHIP,
       const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
       : NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{
             std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor>{functor},
             num_parameters,
             ownership,
             options,
             DYNAMIC_INIT} {}

   // Constructor for the case where the parameter size is specified at run time.
   explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
       std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor,
       int num_parameters,
       Ownership ownership = TAKE_OWNERSHIP,
       const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
       : NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{std::move(functor),
                                       num_parameters,
                                       ownership,
                                       options,
                                       DYNAMIC_INIT} {}

   ~NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction() override {
     if (ownership_ != TAKE_OWNERSHIP) {
       functor_.release();
     }
   }

   bool Evaluate(const double* const parameters,
                 double* cost,
                 double* gradient) const override {
     // Get the function value (cost) at the point to evaluate.
     if (!(*functor_)(parameters, cost)) {
       return false;
     }

     if (gradient == nullptr) {
       return true;
     }

     // Create a copy of the parameters which will get mutated.
     absl::FixedArray<double> parameters_copy(num_parameters_);
     std::copy_n(parameters, num_parameters_, parameters_copy.data());
     double* parameters_ptr = parameters_copy.data();
     constexpr int kNumResiduals = 1;
     if constexpr (kNumParameters == DYNAMIC) {
       internal::FirstOrderFunctorAdapter<FirstOrderFunctor> fofa(*functor_);
       return internal::NumericDiff<
           internal::FirstOrderFunctorAdapter<FirstOrderFunctor>,
           kMethod,
           kNumResiduals,
           internal::DynamicParameterDims,
           0,
           DYNAMIC>::EvaluateJacobianForParameterBlock(&fofa,
                                                       cost,
                                                       options_,
                                                       kNumResiduals,
                                                       0,
                                                       num_parameters_,
                                                       &parameters_ptr,
                                                       gradient);
     } else {
       return internal::EvaluateJacobianForParameterBlocks<
           internal::StaticParameterDims<kNumParameters>>::
           template Apply<kMethod, 1>(functor_.get(),
                                      cost,
                                      options_,
                                      kNumResiduals,
                                      &parameters_ptr,
                                      &gradient);
     }
   }

   int NumParameters() const override { return num_parameters_; }

   const FirstOrderFunctor& functor() const { return *functor_; }

  private:
   // Tags used to differentiate between dynamic and fixed size constructor
   // delegate invocations.
   static constexpr std::integral_constant<int, DYNAMIC> DYNAMIC_INIT{};
   static constexpr std::integral_constant<int, kNumParameters> FIXED_INIT{};

   template <class InitTag>
   explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
       std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor,
       int num_parameters,
       Ownership ownership,
       const NumericDiffOptions& options,
       InitTag /*unused*/)
       : functor_(std::move(functor)),
         num_parameters_(num_parameters),
         ownership_(ownership),
         options_(options) {
     static_assert(
         kNumParameters == FIXED_INIT,
         "Template parameter must be DYNAMIC when using this constructor. If "
         "you want to provide the number of parameters statically use the other "
         "constructor.");
     if constexpr (InitTag::value == DYNAMIC_INIT) {
       CHECK_GT(num_parameters, 0);
     }
   }

   std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor_;
   int num_parameters_;
   Ownership ownership_;
   NumericDiffOptions options_;
 };

 }  // namespace ceres

 #endif  // CERES_PUBLIC_NUMERIC_DIFF_FIRST_ORDER_FUNCTION_H_
	// Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer
	// Copyright 2023 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
	// http://ceres-solver.org/
	//
	// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
	//
	// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
	// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
	// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
	// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
	// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be
	// used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
	// specific prior written permission.
	//
	// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
	// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
	// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
	// ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
	// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
	// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
	// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
	// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
	// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
	// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
	// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
	//
	// Author: sameeragarwal@google.com (Sameer Agarwal)

	#ifndef CERES_PUBLIC_NUMERIC_DIFF_FIRST_ORDER_FUNCTION_H_
	#define CERES_PUBLIC_NUMERIC_DIFF_FIRST_ORDER_FUNCTION_H_

	#include <algorithm>
	#include <memory>
	#include <type_traits>
	#include <utility>

	#include "absl/container/fixed_array.h"
	#include "absl/log/check.h"
	#include "ceres/first_order_function.h"
	#include "ceres/internal/eigen.h"
	#include "ceres/internal/numeric_diff.h"
	#include "ceres/internal/parameter_dims.h"
	#include "ceres/internal/variadic_evaluate.h"
	#include "ceres/numeric_diff_options.h"
	#include "ceres/types.h"

	namespace ceres {

	// Creates FirstOrderFunctions as needed by the GradientProblem
	// framework, with gradients computed via numeric differentiation. For
	// more information on numeric differentiation, see the wikipedia
	// article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_differentiation
	//
	// To get an numerically differentiated cost function, you must define
	// a class with an operator() (a functor) that computes the cost.
	//
	// The function must write the computed value in the last argument
	// (the only non-const one) and return true to indicate success.
	//
	// For example, consider a scalar error e = x'y - a, where both x and y are
	// two-dimensional column vector parameters, the prime sign indicates
	// transposition, and a is a constant.
	//
	// To write an numerically-differentiable cost function for the above model,
	// first define the object
	//
	// class QuadraticCostFunctor {
	// public:
	// explicit QuadraticCostFunctor(double a) : a_(a) {}
	// bool operator()(const double* const xy, double* cost) const {
	// constexpr int kInputVectorLength = 2;
	// const double* const x = xy;
	// const double* const y = xy + kInputVectorLength;
	// cost = x[0] y[0] + x[1] * y[1] - a_;
	// return true;
	// }
	//
	// private:
	// double a_;
	// };
	//
	//
	// Note that in the declaration of operator() the input parameters xy
	// come first, and are passed as const pointers to array of
	// doubles. The output cost is the last parameter.
	//
	// Then given this class definition, the numerically differentiated
	// first order function with central differences used for computing the
	// derivative can be constructed as follows.
	//
	// FirstOrderFunction* function
	// = new NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction<MyScalarCostFunctor, CENTRAL, 4>(
	// new QuadraticCostFunctor(1.0)); ^ ^ ^
	// \| \| \|
	// Finite Differencing Scheme -+ \| \|
	// Dimension of xy ------------------------+
	//
	//
	// In the instantiation above, the template parameters following
	// "QuadraticCostFunctor", "CENTRAL, 4", describe the finite
	// differencing scheme as "central differencing" and the functor as
	// computing its cost from a 4 dimensional input.
	//
	// If the size of the parameter vector is not known at compile time, then an
	// alternate construction syntax can be used:
	//
	// FirstOrderFunction* function
	// = new NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction<MyScalarCostFunctor, CENTRAL>(
	// new QuadraticCostFunctor(1.0), 4);
	//
	// Note that instead of passing 4 as a template argument, it is now passed as
	// the second argument to the constructor.
	template <typename FirstOrderFunctor,
	NumericDiffMethodType kMethod,
	int kNumParameters = DYNAMIC>
	class NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction final : public FirstOrderFunction {
	public:
	template <class... Args,
	bool kIsDynamic = kNumParameters == DYNAMIC,
	std::enable_if_t<!kIsDynamic &&
	std::is_constructible_v<FirstOrderFunctor,
	Args&&...>>* = nullptr>
	explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(Args&&... args)
	: NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{std::make_unique<FirstOrderFunction>(
	std::forward<Args>(args)...)} {}

	NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(const NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&) = delete;
	NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction& operator=(
	const NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&) = delete;
	NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
	NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&& other) noexcept = default;
	NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction& operator=(
	NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction&& other) noexcept = default;

	// Constructor for the case where the parameter size is known at compile time.
	explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
	FirstOrderFunctor* functor,
	Ownership ownership = TAKE_OWNERSHIP,
	const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
	: NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{
	std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor>{functor},
	kNumParameters,
	ownership,
	options,
	FIXED_INIT} {}

	// Constructor for the case where the parameter size is known at compile time.
	explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
	std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor,
	const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
	: NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{
	std::move(functor), kNumParameters, TAKE_OWNERSHIP, FIXED_INIT} {}

	// Constructor for the case where the parameter size is specified at run time.
	explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
	FirstOrderFunctor* functor,
	int num_parameters,
	Ownership ownership = TAKE_OWNERSHIP,
	const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
	: NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{
	std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor>{functor},
	num_parameters,
	ownership,
	options,
	DYNAMIC_INIT} {}

	// Constructor for the case where the parameter size is specified at run time.
	explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
	std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor,
	int num_parameters,
	Ownership ownership = TAKE_OWNERSHIP,
	const NumericDiffOptions& options = NumericDiffOptions())
	: NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction{std::move(functor),
	num_parameters,
	ownership,
	options,
	DYNAMIC_INIT} {}

	~NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction() override {
	if (ownership_ != TAKE_OWNERSHIP) {
	functor_.release();
	}
	}

	bool Evaluate(const double* const parameters,
	double* cost,
	double* gradient) const override {
	// Get the function value (cost) at the point to evaluate.
	if (!(*functor_)(parameters, cost)) {
	return false;
	}

	if (gradient == nullptr) {
	return true;
	}

	// Create a copy of the parameters which will get mutated.
	absl::FixedArray<double> parameters_copy(num_parameters_);
	std::copy_n(parameters, num_parameters_, parameters_copy.data());
	double* parameters_ptr = parameters_copy.data();
	constexpr int kNumResiduals = 1;
	if constexpr (kNumParameters == DYNAMIC) {
	internal::FirstOrderFunctorAdapter<FirstOrderFunctor> fofa(*functor_);
	return internal::NumericDiff<
	internal::FirstOrderFunctorAdapter<FirstOrderFunctor>,
	kMethod,
	kNumResiduals,
	internal::DynamicParameterDims,
	0,
	DYNAMIC>::EvaluateJacobianForParameterBlock(&fofa,
	cost,
	options_,
	kNumResiduals,
	0,
	num_parameters_,
	&parameters_ptr,
	gradient);
	} else {
	return internal::EvaluateJacobianForParameterBlocks<
	internal::StaticParameterDims<kNumParameters>>::
	template Apply<kMethod, 1>(functor_.get(),
	cost,
	options_,
	kNumResiduals,
	&parameters_ptr,
	&gradient);
	}
	}

	int NumParameters() const override { return num_parameters_; }

	const FirstOrderFunctor& functor() const { return *functor_; }

	private:
	// Tags used to differentiate between dynamic and fixed size constructor
	// delegate invocations.
	static constexpr std::integral_constant<int, DYNAMIC> DYNAMIC_INIT{};
	static constexpr std::integral_constant<int, kNumParameters> FIXED_INIT{};

	template <class InitTag>
	explicit NumericDiffFirstOrderFunction(
	std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor,
	int num_parameters,
	Ownership ownership,
	const NumericDiffOptions& options,
	InitTag /unused/)
	: functor_(std::move(functor)),
	num_parameters_(num_parameters),
	ownership_(ownership),
	options_(options) {
	static_assert(
	kNumParameters == FIXED_INIT,
	"Template parameter must be DYNAMIC when using this constructor. If "
	"you want to provide the number of parameters statically use the other "
	"constructor.");
	if constexpr (InitTag::value == DYNAMIC_INIT) {
	CHECK_GT(num_parameters, 0);
	}
	}

	std::unique_ptr<FirstOrderFunctor> functor_;
	int num_parameters_;
	Ownership ownership_;
	NumericDiffOptions options_;
	};

	} // namespace ceres

	#endif // CERES_PUBLIC_NUMERIC_DIFF_FIRST_ORDER_FUNCTION_H_