internal/ceres/dogleg_strategy_test.cc - ceres-solver - Git at Google

 // Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer
 // Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
 // http://code.google.com/p/ceres-solver/
 //
 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 //
 // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 //   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 //   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 //   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be
 //   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 //   specific prior written permission.
 //
 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 // AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 // IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 // ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 // LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 // CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 // SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 // INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 // CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 // ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 // POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 //
 // Author: moll.markus@arcor.de (Markus Moll)

 #include <limits>
 #include "ceres/internal/eigen.h"
 #include "ceres/internal/scoped_ptr.h"
 #include "ceres/dense_qr_solver.h"
 #include "ceres/dogleg_strategy.h"
 #include "ceres/linear_solver.h"
 #include "ceres/trust_region_strategy.h"
 #include "glog/logging.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"

 namespace ceres {
 namespace internal {
 namespace {

 class Fixture : public testing::Test {
  protected:
   scoped_ptr<DenseSparseMatrix> jacobian_;
   Vector residual_;
   Vector x_;
   TrustRegionStrategy::Options options_;
 };

 // A test problem where
 //
 //   J^T J = Q diag([1 2 4 8 16 32]) Q^T
 //
 // where Q is a randomly chosen orthonormal basis of R^6.
 // The residual is chosen so that the minimum of the quadratic function is
 // at (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1). It is therefore at a distance of sqrt(6) ~ 2.45
 // from the origin.
 class DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse : public Fixture {
  protected:
   virtual void SetUp() {
     Matrix basis(6, 6);
     // The following lines exceed 80 characters for better readability.
     basis << -0.1046920933796121, -0.7449367449921986, -0.4190744502875876, -0.4480450716142566,  0.2375351607929440, -0.0363053418882862,  // NOLINT
               0.4064975684355914,  0.2681113508511354, -0.7463625494601520, -0.0803264850508117, -0.4463149623021321,  0.0130224954867195,  // NOLINT
              -0.5514387729089798,  0.1026621026168657, -0.5008316122125011,  0.5738122212666414,  0.2974664724007106,  0.1296020877535158,  // NOLINT
               0.5037835370947156,  0.2668479925183712, -0.1051754618492798, -0.0272739396578799,  0.7947481647088278, -0.1776623363955670,  // NOLINT
              -0.4005458426625444,  0.2939330589634109, -0.0682629380550051, -0.2895448882503687, -0.0457239396341685, -0.8139899477847840,  // NOLINT
              -0.3247764582762654,  0.4528151365941945, -0.0276683863102816, -0.6155994592510784,  0.1489240599972848,  0.5362574892189350;  // NOLINT

     Vector Ddiag(6);
     Ddiag << 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0;

     Matrix sqrtD = Ddiag.array().sqrt().matrix().asDiagonal();
     Matrix jacobian = sqrtD * basis;
     jacobian_.reset(new DenseSparseMatrix(jacobian));

     Vector minimum(6);
     minimum << 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0;
     residual_ = -jacobian * minimum;

     x_.resize(6);
     x_.setZero();

     options_.min_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
     options_.max_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
   }
 };

 // A test problem where
 //
 //   J^T J = diag([1 2 4 8 16 32]) .
 //
 // The residual is chosen so that the minimum of the quadratic function is
 // at (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0). It is therefore at a distance of 1 from the origin.
 // The gradient at the origin points towards the global minimum.
 class DoglegStrategyFixtureValley : public Fixture {
  protected:
   virtual void SetUp() {
     Vector Ddiag(6);
     Ddiag << 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0;

     Matrix jacobian = Ddiag.asDiagonal();
     jacobian_.reset(new DenseSparseMatrix(jacobian));

     Vector minimum(6);
     minimum << 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0;
     residual_ = -jacobian * minimum;

     x_.resize(6);
     x_.setZero();

     options_.min_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
     options_.max_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
   }
 };

 const double kTolerance = 1e-14;
 const double kToleranceLoose = 1e-5;
 const double kEpsilon = std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();

 }  // namespace

 // The DoglegStrategy must never return a step that is longer than the current
 // trust region radius.
 TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, TrustRegionObeyedTraditional) {
   scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
       new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
   options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
   // The global minimum is at (1, 1, ..., 1), so the distance to it is
   // sqrt(6.0).  By restricting the trust region to a radius of 2.0,
   // we test if the trust region is actually obeyed.
   options_.dogleg_type = TRADITIONAL_DOGLEG;
   options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
   options_.max_radius = 2.0;

   DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
   TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

   TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
                                                               jacobian_.get(),
                                                               residual_.data(),
                                                               x_.data());

   EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
   EXPECT_LE(x_.norm(), options_.initial_radius * (1.0 + 4.0 * kEpsilon));
 }

 TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, TrustRegionObeyedSubspace) {
   scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
       new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
   options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
   options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
   options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
   options_.max_radius = 2.0;

   DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
   TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

   TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
                                                               jacobian_.get(),
                                                               residual_.data(),
                                                               x_.data());

   EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
   EXPECT_LE(x_.norm(), options_.initial_radius * (1.0 + 4.0 * kEpsilon));
 }

 TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, CorrectGaussNewtonStep) {
   scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
       new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
   options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
   options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
   options_.initial_radius = 10.0;
   options_.max_radius = 10.0;

   DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
   TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

   TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
                                                               jacobian_.get(),
                                                               residual_.data(),
                                                               x_.data());

   EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(0), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(1), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(2), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(3), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(4), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(5), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
 }

 // Test if the subspace basis is a valid orthonormal basis of the space spanned
 // by the gradient and the Gauss-Newton point.
 TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, ValidSubspaceBasis) {
   scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
       new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
   options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
   options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
   options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
   options_.max_radius = 2.0;

   DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
   TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

   strategy.ComputeStep(pso, jacobian_.get(), residual_.data(), x_.data());

   // Check if the basis is orthonormal.
   const Matrix basis = strategy.subspace_basis();
   EXPECT_NEAR(basis.col(0).norm(), 1.0, kTolerance);
   EXPECT_NEAR(basis.col(1).norm(), 1.0, kTolerance);
   EXPECT_NEAR(basis.col(0).dot(basis.col(1)), 0.0, kTolerance);

   // Check if the gradient projects onto itself.
   const Vector gradient = strategy.gradient();
   EXPECT_NEAR((gradient - basis*(basis.transpose()*gradient)).norm(),
               0.0,
               kTolerance);

   // Check if the Gauss-Newton point projects onto itself.
   const Vector gn = strategy.gauss_newton_step();
   EXPECT_NEAR((gn - basis*(basis.transpose()*gn)).norm(),
               0.0,
               kTolerance);
 }

 // Test if the step is correct if the gradient and the Gauss-Newton step point
 // in the same direction and the Gauss-Newton step is outside the trust region,
 // i.e. the trust region is active.
 TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureValley, CorrectStepLocalOptimumAlongGradient) {
   scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
       new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
   options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
   options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
   options_.initial_radius = 0.25;
   options_.max_radius = 0.25;

   DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
   TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

   TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
                                                               jacobian_.get(),
                                                               residual_.data(),
                                                               x_.data());

   EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(0), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(1), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(2), options_.initial_radius, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(3), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(4), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(5), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
 }

 // Test if the step is correct if the gradient and the Gauss-Newton step point
 // in the same direction and the Gauss-Newton step is inside the trust region,
 // i.e. the trust region is inactive.
 TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureValley, CorrectStepGlobalOptimumAlongGradient) {
   scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
       new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
   options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
   options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
   options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
   options_.max_radius = 2.0;

   DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
   TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

   TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
                                                               jacobian_.get(),
                                                               residual_.data(),
                                                               x_.data());

   EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(0), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(1), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(2), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(3), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(4), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
   EXPECT_NEAR(x_(5), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
 }

 }  // namespace internal
 }  // namespace ceres
	// Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer
	// Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
	// http://code.google.com/p/ceres-solver/
	//
	// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
	// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
	//
	// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
	// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
	// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
	// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
	// and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
	// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be
	// used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
	// specific prior written permission.
	//
	// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
	// AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
	// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
	// ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
	// LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
	// CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
	// SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
	// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
	// CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
	// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
	// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
	//
	// Author: moll.markus@arcor.de (Markus Moll)

	#include <limits>
	#include "ceres/internal/eigen.h"
	#include "ceres/internal/scoped_ptr.h"
	#include "ceres/dense_qr_solver.h"
	#include "ceres/dogleg_strategy.h"
	#include "ceres/linear_solver.h"
	#include "ceres/trust_region_strategy.h"
	#include "glog/logging.h"
	#include "gtest/gtest.h"

	namespace ceres {
	namespace internal {
	namespace {

	class Fixture : public testing::Test {
	protected:
	scoped_ptr<DenseSparseMatrix> jacobian_;
	Vector residual_;
	Vector x_;
	TrustRegionStrategy::Options options_;
	};

	// A test problem where
	//
	// J^T J = Q diag([1 2 4 8 16 32]) Q^T
	//
	// where Q is a randomly chosen orthonormal basis of R^6.
	// The residual is chosen so that the minimum of the quadratic function is
	// at (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1). It is therefore at a distance of sqrt(6) ~ 2.45
	// from the origin.
	class DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse : public Fixture {
	protected:
	virtual void SetUp() {
	Matrix basis(6, 6);
	// The following lines exceed 80 characters for better readability.
	basis << -0.1046920933796121, -0.7449367449921986, -0.4190744502875876, -0.4480450716142566, 0.2375351607929440, -0.0363053418882862, // NOLINT
	0.4064975684355914, 0.2681113508511354, -0.7463625494601520, -0.0803264850508117, -0.4463149623021321, 0.0130224954867195, // NOLINT
	-0.5514387729089798, 0.1026621026168657, -0.5008316122125011, 0.5738122212666414, 0.2974664724007106, 0.1296020877535158, // NOLINT
	0.5037835370947156, 0.2668479925183712, -0.1051754618492798, -0.0272739396578799, 0.7947481647088278, -0.1776623363955670, // NOLINT
	-0.4005458426625444, 0.2939330589634109, -0.0682629380550051, -0.2895448882503687, -0.0457239396341685, -0.8139899477847840, // NOLINT
	-0.3247764582762654, 0.4528151365941945, -0.0276683863102816, -0.6155994592510784, 0.1489240599972848, 0.5362574892189350; // NOLINT

	Vector Ddiag(6);
	Ddiag << 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0;

	Matrix sqrtD = Ddiag.array().sqrt().matrix().asDiagonal();
	Matrix jacobian = sqrtD * basis;
	jacobian_.reset(new DenseSparseMatrix(jacobian));

	Vector minimum(6);
	minimum << 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0;
	residual_ = -jacobian * minimum;

	x_.resize(6);
	x_.setZero();

	options_.min_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
	options_.max_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
	}
	};

	// A test problem where
	//
	// J^T J = diag([1 2 4 8 16 32]) .
	//
	// The residual is chosen so that the minimum of the quadratic function is
	// at (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0). It is therefore at a distance of 1 from the origin.
	// The gradient at the origin points towards the global minimum.
	class DoglegStrategyFixtureValley : public Fixture {
	protected:
	virtual void SetUp() {
	Vector Ddiag(6);
	Ddiag << 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, 32.0;

	Matrix jacobian = Ddiag.asDiagonal();
	jacobian_.reset(new DenseSparseMatrix(jacobian));

	Vector minimum(6);
	minimum << 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0;
	residual_ = -jacobian * minimum;

	x_.resize(6);
	x_.setZero();

	options_.min_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
	options_.max_lm_diagonal = 1.0;
	}
	};

	const double kTolerance = 1e-14;
	const double kToleranceLoose = 1e-5;
	const double kEpsilon = std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon();

	} // namespace

	// The DoglegStrategy must never return a step that is longer than the current
	// trust region radius.
	TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, TrustRegionObeyedTraditional) {
	scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
	new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
	options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
	// The global minimum is at (1, 1, ..., 1), so the distance to it is
	// sqrt(6.0). By restricting the trust region to a radius of 2.0,
	// we test if the trust region is actually obeyed.
	options_.dogleg_type = TRADITIONAL_DOGLEG;
	options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
	options_.max_radius = 2.0;

	DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
	TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

	TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
	jacobian_.get(),
	residual_.data(),
	x_.data());

	EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
	EXPECT_LE(x_.norm(), options_.initial_radius * (1.0 + 4.0 * kEpsilon));
	}

	TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, TrustRegionObeyedSubspace) {
	scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
	new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
	options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
	options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
	options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
	options_.max_radius = 2.0;

	DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
	TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

	TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
	jacobian_.get(),
	residual_.data(),
	x_.data());

	EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
	EXPECT_LE(x_.norm(), options_.initial_radius * (1.0 + 4.0 * kEpsilon));
	}

	TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, CorrectGaussNewtonStep) {
	scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
	new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
	options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
	options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
	options_.initial_radius = 10.0;
	options_.max_radius = 10.0;

	DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
	TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

	TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
	jacobian_.get(),
	residual_.data(),
	x_.data());

	EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(0), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(1), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(2), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(3), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(4), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(5), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
	}

	// Test if the subspace basis is a valid orthonormal basis of the space spanned
	// by the gradient and the Gauss-Newton point.
	TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureEllipse, ValidSubspaceBasis) {
	scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
	new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
	options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
	options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
	options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
	options_.max_radius = 2.0;

	DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
	TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

	strategy.ComputeStep(pso, jacobian_.get(), residual_.data(), x_.data());

	// Check if the basis is orthonormal.
	const Matrix basis = strategy.subspace_basis();
	EXPECT_NEAR(basis.col(0).norm(), 1.0, kTolerance);
	EXPECT_NEAR(basis.col(1).norm(), 1.0, kTolerance);
	EXPECT_NEAR(basis.col(0).dot(basis.col(1)), 0.0, kTolerance);

	// Check if the gradient projects onto itself.
	const Vector gradient = strategy.gradient();
	EXPECT_NEAR((gradient - basis(basis.transpose()gradient)).norm(),
	0.0,
	kTolerance);

	// Check if the Gauss-Newton point projects onto itself.
	const Vector gn = strategy.gauss_newton_step();
	EXPECT_NEAR((gn - basis(basis.transpose()gn)).norm(),
	0.0,
	kTolerance);
	}

	// Test if the step is correct if the gradient and the Gauss-Newton step point
	// in the same direction and the Gauss-Newton step is outside the trust region,
	// i.e. the trust region is active.
	TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureValley, CorrectStepLocalOptimumAlongGradient) {
	scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
	new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
	options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
	options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
	options_.initial_radius = 0.25;
	options_.max_radius = 0.25;

	DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
	TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

	TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
	jacobian_.get(),
	residual_.data(),
	x_.data());

	EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(0), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(1), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(2), options_.initial_radius, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(3), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(4), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(5), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	}

	// Test if the step is correct if the gradient and the Gauss-Newton step point
	// in the same direction and the Gauss-Newton step is inside the trust region,
	// i.e. the trust region is inactive.
	TEST_F(DoglegStrategyFixtureValley, CorrectStepGlobalOptimumAlongGradient) {
	scoped_ptr<LinearSolver> linear_solver(
	new DenseQRSolver(LinearSolver::Options()));
	options_.linear_solver = linear_solver.get();
	options_.dogleg_type = SUBSPACE_DOGLEG;
	options_.initial_radius = 2.0;
	options_.max_radius = 2.0;

	DoglegStrategy strategy(options_);
	TrustRegionStrategy::PerSolveOptions pso;

	TrustRegionStrategy::Summary summary = strategy.ComputeStep(pso,
	jacobian_.get(),
	residual_.data(),
	x_.data());

	EXPECT_NE(summary.termination_type, LINEAR_SOLVER_FAILURE);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(0), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(1), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(2), 1.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(3), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(4), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	EXPECT_NEAR(x_(5), 0.0, kToleranceLoose);
	}

	} // namespace internal
	} // namespace ceres