examples/slam/pose_graph_3d/pose_graph_3d_error_term.h

// Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer
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// Author: vitus@google.com (Michael Vitus)

#ifndef EXAMPLES_CERES_POSE_GRAPH_3D_ERROR_TERM_H_
#define EXAMPLES_CERES_POSE_GRAPH_3D_ERROR_TERM_H_

#include <utility>

#include "Eigen/Core"
#include "ceres/autodiff_cost_function.h"
#include "types.h"

namespace ceres::examples {

// Computes the error term for two poses that have a relative pose measurement
// between them. Let the hat variables be the measurement. We have two poses x_a
// and x_b. Through sensor measurements we can measure the transformation of
// frame B w.r.t frame A denoted as t_ab_hat. We can compute an error metric
// between the current estimate of the poses and the measurement.
//
// In this formulation, we have chosen to represent the rigid transformation as
// a Hamiltonian quaternion, q, and position, p. The quaternion ordering is
// [x, y, z, w].

// The estimated measurement is:
//      t_ab = [ p_ab ]  = [ R(q_a)^T * (p_b - p_a) ]
//             [ q_ab ]    [ q_a^{-1] * q_b         ]
//
// where ^{-1} denotes the inverse and R(q) is the rotation matrix for the
// quaternion. Now we can compute an error metric between the estimated and
// measurement transformation. For the orientation error, we will use the
// standard multiplicative error resulting in:
//
//   error = [ p_ab - \hat{p}_ab                 ]
//           [ 2.0 * Vec(q_ab * \hat{q}_ab^{-1}) ]
//
// where Vec(*) returns the vector (imaginary) part of the quaternion. Since
// the measurement has an uncertainty associated with how accurate it is, we
// will weight the errors by the square root of the measurement information
// matrix:
//
//   residuals = I^{1/2) * error
// where I is the information matrix which is the inverse of the covariance.
class PoseGraph3dErrorTerm {
 public:
  PoseGraph3dErrorTerm(Pose3d t_ab_measured,
                       Eigen::Matrix<double, 6, 6> sqrt_information)
      : t_ab_measured_(std::move(t_ab_measured)),
        sqrt_information_(std::move(sqrt_information)) {}

  template <typename T>
  bool operator()(const T* const p_a_ptr,
                  const T* const q_a_ptr,
                  const T* const p_b_ptr,
                  const T* const q_b_ptr,
                  T* residuals_ptr) const {
    Eigen::Map<const Eigen::Matrix<T, 3, 1>> p_a(p_a_ptr);
    Eigen::Map<const Eigen::Quaternion<T>> q_a(q_a_ptr);

    Eigen::Map<const Eigen::Matrix<T, 3, 1>> p_b(p_b_ptr);
    Eigen::Map<const Eigen::Quaternion<T>> q_b(q_b_ptr);

    // Compute the relative transformation between the two frames.
    Eigen::Quaternion<T> q_a_inverse = q_a.conjugate();
    Eigen::Quaternion<T> q_ab_estimated = q_a_inverse * q_b;

    // Represent the displacement between the two frames in the A frame.
    Eigen::Matrix<T, 3, 1> p_ab_estimated = q_a_inverse * (p_b - p_a);

    // Compute the error between the two orientation estimates.
    Eigen::Quaternion<T> delta_q =
        t_ab_measured_.q.template cast<T>() * q_ab_estimated.conjugate();

    // Compute the residuals.
    // [ position         ]   [ delta_p          ]
    // [ orientation (3x1)] = [ 2 * delta_q(0:2) ]
    Eigen::Map<Eigen::Matrix<T, 6, 1>> residuals(residuals_ptr);
    residuals.template block<3, 1>(0, 0) =
        p_ab_estimated - t_ab_measured_.p.template cast<T>();
    residuals.template block<3, 1>(3, 0) = T(2.0) * delta_q.vec();

    // Scale the residuals by the measurement uncertainty.
    residuals.applyOnTheLeft(sqrt_information_.template cast<T>());

    return true;
  }

  static ceres::CostFunction* Create(
      const Pose3d& t_ab_measured,
      const Eigen::Matrix<double, 6, 6>& sqrt_information) {
    return new ceres::AutoDiffCostFunction<PoseGraph3dErrorTerm, 6, 3, 4, 3, 4>(
        new PoseGraph3dErrorTerm(t_ab_measured, sqrt_information));
  }

  EIGEN_MAKE_ALIGNED_OPERATOR_NEW

 private:
  // The measurement for the position of B relative to A in the A frame.
  const Pose3d t_ab_measured_;
  // The square root of the measurement information matrix.
  const Eigen::Matrix<double, 6, 6> sqrt_information_;
};

}  // namespace ceres::examples

#endif  // EXAMPLES_CERES_POSE_GRAPH_3D_ERROR_TERM_H_