| // Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer | 
 | // Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved. | 
 | // http://ceres-solver.org/ | 
 | // | 
 | // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | 
 | // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: | 
 | // | 
 | // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, | 
 | //   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | 
 | // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, | 
 | //   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation | 
 | //   and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | 
 | // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be | 
 | //   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without | 
 | //   specific prior written permission. | 
 | // | 
 | // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" | 
 | // AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | 
 | // IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | 
 | // ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE | 
 | // LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR | 
 | // CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF | 
 | // SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS | 
 | // INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN | 
 | // CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) | 
 | // ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE | 
 | // POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. | 
 | // | 
 | // Author: keir@google.com (Keir Mierle) | 
 |  | 
 | #include "ceres/small_blas.h" | 
 |  | 
 | #include <limits> | 
 | #include <string> | 
 |  | 
 | #include "ceres/internal/eigen.h" | 
 | #include "gtest/gtest.h" | 
 |  | 
 | namespace ceres { | 
 | namespace internal { | 
 |  | 
 | const double kTolerance = 5.0 * std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon(); | 
 |  | 
 | // Static or dynamic problem types. | 
 | enum class DimType { Static, Dynamic }; | 
 |  | 
 | // Constructs matrix functor type. | 
 | #define MATRIX_FUN_TY(FN)                                                      \ | 
 |   template <int kRowA, int kColA, int kRowB, int kColB, int kOperation,        \ | 
 |             DimType kDimType>                                                  \ | 
 |   struct FN##Ty {                                                              \ | 
 |     void operator()(const double *A, const int num_row_a, const int num_col_a, \ | 
 |                     const double *B, const int num_row_b, const int num_col_b, \ | 
 |                     double *C, const int start_row_c, const int start_col_c,   \ | 
 |                     const int row_stride_c, const int col_stride_c) {          \ | 
 |       if (kDimType == DimType::Static) {                                       \ | 
 |         FN<kRowA, kColA, kRowB, kColB, kOperation>(                            \ | 
 |             A, num_row_a, num_col_a, B, num_row_b, num_col_b, C, start_row_c,  \ | 
 |             start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c);                          \ | 
 |       } else {                                                                 \ | 
 |         FN<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic,     \ | 
 |            kOperation>(A, num_row_a, num_col_a, B, num_row_b, num_col_b, C,    \ | 
 |                        start_row_c, start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c);  \ | 
 |       }                                                                        \ | 
 |     }                                                                          \ | 
 |   }; | 
 |  | 
 | MATRIX_FUN_TY(MatrixMatrixMultiply) | 
 | MATRIX_FUN_TY(MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaive) | 
 | MATRIX_FUN_TY(MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiply) | 
 | MATRIX_FUN_TY(MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaive) | 
 |  | 
 | #undef MATRIX_FUN_TY | 
 |  | 
 | // Initializes matrix entires. | 
 | static void initMatrix(Matrix &mat) { | 
 |   for (int i = 0; i < mat.rows(); ++i) { | 
 |     for (int j = 0; j < mat.cols(); ++j) { | 
 |       mat(i, j) = i + j + 1; | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | template <int kRowA, int kColA, int kColB, DimType kDimType, | 
 |           template <int, int, int, int, int, DimType> class FunctorTy> | 
 | struct TestMatrixFunctions { | 
 |   void operator()() { | 
 |     Matrix A(kRowA, kColA); | 
 |     initMatrix(A); | 
 |     const int kRowB = kColA; | 
 |     Matrix B(kRowB, kColB); | 
 |     initMatrix(B); | 
 |  | 
 |     for (int row_stride_c = kRowA; row_stride_c < 3 * kRowA; ++row_stride_c) { | 
 |       for (int col_stride_c = kColB; col_stride_c < 3 * kColB; ++col_stride_c) { | 
 |         Matrix C(row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |         C.setOnes(); | 
 |  | 
 |         Matrix C_plus = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_minus = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_assign = C; | 
 |  | 
 |         Matrix C_plus_ref = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_minus_ref = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_assign_ref = C; | 
 |  | 
 |         for (int start_row_c = 0; start_row_c + kRowA < row_stride_c; | 
 |              ++start_row_c) { | 
 |           for (int start_col_c = 0; start_col_c + kColB < col_stride_c; | 
 |                ++start_col_c) { | 
 |             C_plus_ref.block(start_row_c, start_col_c, kRowA, kColB) += A * B; | 
 |             FunctorTy<kRowA, kColA, kRowB, kColB, 1, kDimType>()( | 
 |                 A.data(), kRowA, kColA, B.data(), kRowB, kColB, C_plus.data(), | 
 |                 start_row_c, start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |  | 
 |             EXPECT_NEAR((C_plus_ref - C_plus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |                 << "C += A * B \n" | 
 |                 << "row_stride_c : " << row_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "col_stride_c : " << col_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_row_c  : " << start_row_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_col_c  : " << start_col_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "Cref : \n" | 
 |                 << C_plus_ref << "\n" | 
 |                 << "C: \n" | 
 |                 << C_plus; | 
 |  | 
 |             C_minus_ref.block(start_row_c, start_col_c, kRowA, kColB) -= A * B; | 
 |             FunctorTy<kRowA, kColA, kRowB, kColB, -1, kDimType>()( | 
 |                 A.data(), kRowA, kColA, B.data(), kRowB, kColB, C_minus.data(), | 
 |                 start_row_c, start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |  | 
 |             EXPECT_NEAR((C_minus_ref - C_minus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |                 << "C -= A * B \n" | 
 |                 << "row_stride_c : " << row_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "col_stride_c : " << col_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_row_c  : " << start_row_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_col_c  : " << start_col_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "Cref : \n" | 
 |                 << C_minus_ref << "\n" | 
 |                 << "C: \n" | 
 |                 << C_minus; | 
 |  | 
 |             C_assign_ref.block(start_row_c, start_col_c, kRowA, kColB) = A * B; | 
 |  | 
 |             FunctorTy<kRowA, kColA, kRowB, kColB, 0, kDimType>()( | 
 |                 A.data(), kRowA, kColA, B.data(), kRowB, kColB, C_assign.data(), | 
 |                 start_row_c, start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |  | 
 |             EXPECT_NEAR((C_assign_ref - C_assign).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |                 << "C = A * B \n" | 
 |                 << "row_stride_c : " << row_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "col_stride_c : " << col_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_row_c  : " << start_row_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_col_c  : " << start_col_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "Cref : \n" | 
 |                 << C_assign_ref << "\n" | 
 |                 << "C: \n" | 
 |                 << C_assign; | 
 |           } | 
 |         } | 
 |       } | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | template <int kRowA, int kColA, int kColB, DimType kDimType, | 
 |           template <int, int, int, int, int, DimType> class FunctorTy> | 
 | struct TestMatrixTransposeFunctions { | 
 |   void operator()() { | 
 |     Matrix A(kRowA, kColA); | 
 |     initMatrix(A); | 
 |     const int kRowB = kRowA; | 
 |     Matrix B(kRowB, kColB); | 
 |     initMatrix(B); | 
 |  | 
 |     for (int row_stride_c = kColA; row_stride_c < 3 * kColA; ++row_stride_c) { | 
 |       for (int col_stride_c = kColB; col_stride_c < 3 * kColB; ++col_stride_c) { | 
 |         Matrix C(row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |         C.setOnes(); | 
 |  | 
 |         Matrix C_plus = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_minus = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_assign = C; | 
 |  | 
 |         Matrix C_plus_ref = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_minus_ref = C; | 
 |         Matrix C_assign_ref = C; | 
 |         for (int start_row_c = 0; start_row_c + kColA < row_stride_c; | 
 |              ++start_row_c) { | 
 |           for (int start_col_c = 0; start_col_c + kColB < col_stride_c; | 
 |                ++start_col_c) { | 
 |             C_plus_ref.block(start_row_c, start_col_c, kColA, kColB) += | 
 |                 A.transpose() * B; | 
 |  | 
 |             FunctorTy<kRowA, kColA, kRowB, kColB, 1, kDimType>()( | 
 |                 A.data(), kRowA, kColA, B.data(), kRowB, kColB, C_plus.data(), | 
 |                 start_row_c, start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |  | 
 |             EXPECT_NEAR((C_plus_ref - C_plus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |                 << "C += A' * B \n" | 
 |                 << "row_stride_c : " << row_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "col_stride_c : " << col_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_row_c  : " << start_row_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_col_c  : " << start_col_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "Cref : \n" | 
 |                 << C_plus_ref << "\n" | 
 |                 << "C: \n" | 
 |                 << C_plus; | 
 |  | 
 |             C_minus_ref.block(start_row_c, start_col_c, kColA, kColB) -= | 
 |                 A.transpose() * B; | 
 |  | 
 |             FunctorTy<kRowA, kColA, kRowB, kColB, -1, kDimType>()( | 
 |                 A.data(), kRowA, kColA, B.data(), kRowB, kColB, C_minus.data(), | 
 |                 start_row_c, start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |  | 
 |             EXPECT_NEAR((C_minus_ref - C_minus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |                 << "C -= A' * B \n" | 
 |                 << "row_stride_c : " << row_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "col_stride_c : " << col_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_row_c  : " << start_row_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_col_c  : " << start_col_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "Cref : \n" | 
 |                 << C_minus_ref << "\n" | 
 |                 << "C: \n" | 
 |                 << C_minus; | 
 |  | 
 |             C_assign_ref.block(start_row_c, start_col_c, kColA, kColB) = | 
 |                 A.transpose() * B; | 
 |  | 
 |             FunctorTy<kRowA, kColA, kRowB, kColB, 0, kDimType>()( | 
 |                 A.data(), kRowA, kColA, B.data(), kRowB, kColB, C_assign.data(), | 
 |                 start_row_c, start_col_c, row_stride_c, col_stride_c); | 
 |  | 
 |             EXPECT_NEAR((C_assign_ref - C_assign).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |                 << "C = A' * B \n" | 
 |                 << "row_stride_c : " << row_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "col_stride_c : " << col_stride_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_row_c  : " << start_row_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "start_col_c  : " << start_col_c << "\n" | 
 |                 << "Cref : \n" | 
 |                 << C_assign_ref << "\n" | 
 |                 << "C: \n" | 
 |                 << C_assign; | 
 |           } | 
 |         } | 
 |       } | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 | }; | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiply_5_3_7) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Static, MatrixMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiply_5_3_7_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Dynamic, MatrixMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiply_1_1_1) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Static, MatrixMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiply_1_1_1_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Dynamic, MatrixMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiply_9_9_9) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Static, MatrixMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiply_9_9_9_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Dynamic, MatrixMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaive_5_3_7) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Static, | 
 |                       MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaive_5_3_7_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                       MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaive_1_1_1) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Static, | 
 |                       MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaive_1_1_1_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                       MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaive_9_9_9) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Static, | 
 |                       MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaive_9_9_9_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                       MatrixMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiply_5_3_7) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Static, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiply_5_3_7_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiply_1_1_1) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Static, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiply_1_1_1_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiply_9_9_9) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Static, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiply_9_9_9_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaive_5_3_7) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Static, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaive_5_3_7_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<5, 3, 7, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaive_1_1_1) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Static, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaive_1_1_1_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<1, 1, 1, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaive_9_9_9) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Static, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaive_9_9_9_Dynamic) { | 
 |   TestMatrixTransposeFunctions<9, 9, 9, DimType::Dynamic, | 
 |                                MatrixTransposeMatrixMultiplyNaiveTy>()(); | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixVectorMultiply) { | 
 |   for (int num_rows_a = 1; num_rows_a < 10; ++num_rows_a) { | 
 |     for (int num_cols_a = 1; num_cols_a < 10; ++num_cols_a) { | 
 |       Matrix A(num_rows_a, num_cols_a); | 
 |       A.setOnes(); | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector b(num_cols_a); | 
 |       b.setOnes(); | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector c(num_rows_a); | 
 |       c.setOnes(); | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector c_plus = c; | 
 |       Vector c_minus = c; | 
 |       Vector c_assign = c; | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector c_plus_ref = c; | 
 |       Vector c_minus_ref = c; | 
 |       Vector c_assign_ref = c; | 
 |  | 
 |       // clang-format off | 
 |       c_plus_ref += A * b; | 
 |       MatrixVectorMultiply<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>( | 
 |           A.data(), num_rows_a, num_cols_a, | 
 |           b.data(), | 
 |           c_plus.data()); | 
 |       EXPECT_NEAR((c_plus_ref - c_plus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |           << "c += A * b \n" | 
 |           << "c_ref : \n" << c_plus_ref << "\n" | 
 |           << "c: \n" << c_plus; | 
 |  | 
 |       c_minus_ref -= A * b; | 
 |       MatrixVectorMultiply<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, -1>( | 
 |           A.data(), num_rows_a, num_cols_a, | 
 |           b.data(), | 
 |           c_minus.data()); | 
 |       EXPECT_NEAR((c_minus_ref - c_minus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |           << "c -= A * b \n" | 
 |           << "c_ref : \n" << c_minus_ref << "\n" | 
 |           << "c: \n" << c_minus; | 
 |  | 
 |       c_assign_ref = A * b; | 
 |       MatrixVectorMultiply<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, 0>( | 
 |           A.data(), num_rows_a, num_cols_a, | 
 |           b.data(), | 
 |           c_assign.data()); | 
 |       EXPECT_NEAR((c_assign_ref - c_assign).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |           << "c = A * b \n" | 
 |           << "c_ref : \n" << c_assign_ref << "\n" | 
 |           << "c: \n" << c_assign; | 
 |       // clang-format on | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | TEST(BLAS, MatrixTransposeVectorMultiply) { | 
 |   for (int num_rows_a = 1; num_rows_a < 10; ++num_rows_a) { | 
 |     for (int num_cols_a = 1; num_cols_a < 10; ++num_cols_a) { | 
 |       Matrix A(num_rows_a, num_cols_a); | 
 |       A.setRandom(); | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector b(num_rows_a); | 
 |       b.setRandom(); | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector c(num_cols_a); | 
 |       c.setOnes(); | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector c_plus = c; | 
 |       Vector c_minus = c; | 
 |       Vector c_assign = c; | 
 |  | 
 |       Vector c_plus_ref = c; | 
 |       Vector c_minus_ref = c; | 
 |       Vector c_assign_ref = c; | 
 |  | 
 |       // clang-format off | 
 |       c_plus_ref += A.transpose() * b; | 
 |       MatrixTransposeVectorMultiply<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, 1>( | 
 |           A.data(), num_rows_a, num_cols_a, | 
 |           b.data(), | 
 |           c_plus.data()); | 
 |       EXPECT_NEAR((c_plus_ref - c_plus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |           << "c += A' * b \n" | 
 |           << "c_ref : \n" << c_plus_ref << "\n" | 
 |           << "c: \n" << c_plus; | 
 |  | 
 |       c_minus_ref -= A.transpose() * b; | 
 |       MatrixTransposeVectorMultiply<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, -1>( | 
 |           A.data(), num_rows_a, num_cols_a, | 
 |           b.data(), | 
 |           c_minus.data()); | 
 |       EXPECT_NEAR((c_minus_ref - c_minus).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |           << "c -= A' * b \n" | 
 |           << "c_ref : \n" << c_minus_ref << "\n" | 
 |           << "c: \n" << c_minus; | 
 |  | 
 |       c_assign_ref = A.transpose() * b; | 
 |       MatrixTransposeVectorMultiply<Eigen::Dynamic, Eigen::Dynamic, 0>( | 
 |           A.data(), num_rows_a, num_cols_a, | 
 |           b.data(), | 
 |           c_assign.data()); | 
 |       EXPECT_NEAR((c_assign_ref - c_assign).norm(), 0.0, kTolerance) | 
 |           << "c = A' * b \n" | 
 |           << "c_ref : \n" << c_assign_ref << "\n" | 
 |           << "c: \n" << c_assign; | 
 |       // clang-format on | 
 |     } | 
 |   } | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | } // namespace internal | 
 | } // namespace ceres |